Should Marijuana Be Illegal Essay - 812 Words

Marijuana charges reflect the still-existing discrimination in society. Although use rates for African-Americans are only around 25% greater than that of whites, marijuana possession arrests are about three times greater for blacks than whites (Gettman, 2009). Legalizing marijuana would eliminate this aspect of racial disparity in the United States, where any single step could be seen as a move in the right direction. This would also help decrease the population of those in jail or prison for marijuana offenses, instead allowing those individuals to become productive members of society. The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press conducted a survey in March of 2013 concerning the public perspective on marijuana. It was seen that the majority of people support its legalization (Pew Research Center for the People the Press, 2013). In addition, since the 1990’s, there has been a steady decline in the percentage of people who believe marijuana should be illegal (Pew Research Center for the People the Press, 2013). Half of respondents reported that marijuana use is not a moral issue (Pew Research Center for the People the Press, 2013). Although there were differences between political parties as far as the legalization and enforcement of marijuana laws are concerned, despite political affiliation, the majority of those who responded agreed that â€Å"government efforts to enforce marijuana laws cost more than they are worth† (Pew Research Center for the People Show MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Illegal?989 Words   |  4 PagesThe word ma rijuana gained attention in almost every American household today. Those who oppose the legalization of the use of plants that its use is automatic smoke , but those who do not choose to use marijuana is considered to be conducive to maintaining its illegal. On legal objections relating to chemical plant has caused much controversy in the past two decades, is still an important issue. In the Unites States to legalize marijuana would greatly reduce crime in our city , and is formed byRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Illegal?1436 Words   |  6 PagesGetting to know Cannabis as a Whole Marijuana as you know is illegal in more than half of the United States. You would think marijuana was illegal because of some harmful effects but that s where you re wrong. The reasons why Marijuana was made illegal were because the the public were never informed about the real uses of Marijuana. Marijuana also known as Hemp is often used as source to make materials such as paper. Before 1883 about seventy-five to ninety percent of the world s paperRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Illegal?2020 Words   |  9 Pagesremember being told this my entire life and even to this very day. But as I got older I realized that people would still use drugs even though it’’s illegal. I could never understand why someone would go against the law and jeopardize their life just to use drugs? The drug that I am talking about is marijuana, and surprisingly it is all around us. Marijuana is even referred to in today’s media Mainstream media sources that people enjoy, like music, movies, and TV shows, do not even bother to leave theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Illegal? Essay2020 Words   |  9 Pagesremember being told this my entire life and even to this very day. But as I got older I realized that people would still use drugs even though it’’s illegal. I could never understand why someone would go against the law and jeopardize their life just to use drugs? The drug that I am talking about is marijuana, and surprisingly it is all around us. Marijuana is even referred to in today’s media Mainstream media sources that people enjoy, like music, movies, and TV shows, do not even bother to leave theRead MoreShould Marijuana Remain Be Illegal927 Words   |  4 Pages Should marijuana remain be illegal Since 2009 the government of the state California and Colorado, considered the idea of legalization of the marijuana. A high percentage of People of the United States doesn’t consider marijuana as a drug because is not strongly addictive. There’s also proves that marijuana never kill anyone and that is not so dangerous as alcohol and Tabaco. Marijuana should still remind illegal for his dangerousness. Marijuana is a magnificent pain reliever for people who sufferRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Illegal?925 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscoveries from a plant many call marijuana. The intriguing effects that come from the cannabis plant have slowly started to unveil, claiming many positive talks in the medical industry in treating terrible diseases that have affected millions of people. But it used to be talked about like a very terrible thing back in the day from all the talk that was happening being reported by the government. Which ultimately caused it to become illegal nation wide. But what initiated marijuana to become prohibited? TheRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Illegal Drugs?967 Words   |  4 Pagesfamilies. Well I once had a belief until one day that all changed. Her name was Marijuana. Many people hold extreme views regarding drugs, especially illegal drugs. Anti-drug individuals often present a view of all illegal drugs as horrendous and without any redeeming qualities. I used to be this individual. Before my newfound discovery I believed marijuana usage was unacceptable , while despising the users. I perceived marijuana as a gateway drugs to other harmful dangerous drugs and a narcotic that honestlyRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should Be Illegal1610 Words   |  7 PagesCannabis also known as marijuana, is a plant produced in many countries worldwide. Marijuana was first introduced by the Mexican immigrants for recreational usage, the misconduct of the drug had our whole nation in turmoil so it was voted on to be illegal throughout the whole United States. Marijuana possession is illegal and it is illegal for so many different reason. In fact, there were over 8.2 million marijuana arrest in the united states last year according to ACLU’s original analysis drawnR ead MoreShould Marijuana Stay Illegal?958 Words   |  4 PagesShould Marijuana Stay Illegal Should Marijuana stay illegal? That is the question. For many decade us as American has been going back and forth debating rather we should legalize this drug or taboo it from personal use. To me marijuana should stay illegal, while others might think differently towards this subject. The reason why I firmly believe we as a nation should keep this drug proscribed for being use for personalRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should Be Illegal2091 Words   |  9 PagesThe argument of legalizing or prohibiting marijuana has been going on for very long time all over the world. In most countries, possession and use of marijuana is considered illegal. Today, some countries have legalized marijuana while other countries have not. In the United States, some states such as Washington and Colorado have also legalized the possession and usage of marijuana for medical and recreational purposes for adults. There are a number of advocacy groups that stand for its legalization

An Emergency to Support the Indigent in the US - 890 Words

Poverty is a serious phenomenon that has been widespread all over the world. Although, many charitable organizations like CARE, Action Against Hunger (AAH) or Emergency Nutrition Network (ENN) have operated with a highest enthusiasm to help the indigent, the amount of those have still been increasing significantly in recent years. According to the survey of the United States Census Bureau, the percentage of Americans in poverty rose from 12.2 to 15.9 percent and the proportion skyrocketed from 33.3 million to 48.8 million between 2000 and 2012 (Bishaw, 2013). The indigent are very poor people, including the disabled, beggars, homeless people who live in slums with lacking of insurance, being unemployed and earning underpaid salaries, about†¦show more content†¦However, in fact, infrastructures for helping the disability have still been inadequate in many countries. The verification of 14 public and university library buildings in Iran indicated that 53.8 percent of libraries did not have ramps and 63 percent did not provide exclusive spaces for disabled people (Bodaghi Zainab, 2013). Another challenging circumstance is difficulties to find jobs of the indigent in the economic recession period. Gabe (2008) claimed that the U.S. poverty rate was 13.2%, accounting for 39.8 million persons as having income below the official poverty line because of the economic recession in December 2007. Because of those situations, the government should be concerned about issuing policies to lift the indigent out of poverty. The assistance of the government to indigent people is a way not only to motivate them deal with difficulties but also to stabilize the society because increasing the poor rate has negative effects on the community. First, unemployed and homeless people, especially homeless adolescents who lose belief in living might involve anti-social behaviors and crimes like robbing, smuggling and drug abuse. For example, Burt (2007) found that 30 to 40 percent of homeless youth suffer from alcohol problems and 40 to 50 percent suffer from drug problems. Also according to the 2002 Calgary homelessness study examined that 77 percent of the homeless people in Calgary had been arrested severalShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of The Hospital Emergency1493 Words   |  6 PagesNiles (1994). Hospitals almost lost the duty to provide care to people in emergency because they turned patients away who cannot pay or indigents. That is why many people are afraid to dial 911 now even though they have an important emergency to go to the hospital emergency because of fear to turn way. This situation if not remedy can cause people to die when they could be saved if they would admit to the hospital emergency. Today, admitting to the hospital is so expensive that makes it very difficultRead MoreWhy Homelessness Is Like A Diseases?1218 Words   |  5 PagesLending a Hand to the Indigent Homelessness is like a diseases, increasingly taking down the most vulnerable of our population, but many Americans are insensitive to it. â€Å"The population of the desolate increased by two percent from 239,759 to 243,701 in the years 2009-2011 according to the National Alliance to End Homelessness† (Fagan 330). At this rate many could possibly face the same problem and have to deal with the harsh conditions homeless do on a daily basis. Although homelessness is frownRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Striking The Heart Of Hospitals Across The United States1499 Words   |  6 Pagesdisbursements. The information was measured against the hospital actual cost to provide basic health service to patients. We also measured the hospital expenditures for the patients covered by these companies to actual receivables. This information allowed us to determine that third party payments did not offset the actual cost of services performed. At least eighty percent of the hospital’s budget relies on third party payers such as Medicaid/Medicare and private insurance companies. In addition, theyRead MoreEssay about Illegal Aliens and American Medicine1017 Words   |  5 Pagesconsequences. We judge reality primarily by what we have seen. But what we do not see can be more dangerous, more expensive, and more deadly than what is seen. What is unseen is their free medical care that has degraded and closed some of America’s finest emergency medical facilities, and caused hospital bankruptcies. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The General Accounting Office traveled to southern Arizona to study the impact of illegal immigrants on Arizona and other border state hospitals. In 2002, three hospitalsRead MoreThe Mission Of Metropolitan Hospital741 Words   |  3 Pagesvolume of services As a not-for-profit hospital, our focus and charitable mission is on providing reasonably priced care to all patients who approach us, including the indigent population who make up a majority of our patient base at Metropolitan’s pre-natal and well-baby community clinic. Our positive public relations will encourage community support, loyalty and ownership in Metropolitan based on its quality, safety and service efforts. Strategy A actively promotes and informs the community aboutRead MoreThe Social Issue Of Homelessness1138 Words   |  5 Pagesarea, identify the social issue of homelessness, and address using a social action model for community change, and the strengths and weaknesses of the model. According to the United States Census Bureau estimate, Lakeland had a population of 100,710 (US Census Bureau, 2006). According to the Lakeland Economic Development Council, the numbers of existing households in 2013 were 41,833 (2013). The average household income in 2013 for Lakeland was $50,064, with the median household income at $36,495.Read MoreOverview and History of the Prison District of Baltimore832 Words   |  3 Pagespresence of law enforcement; numerous indigents, particularly near parks; lots of teens and young adults sitting on front steps. Signs of Decay More decay than build up; neighborhood seems part of urban blight, but some areas show signs of improvement. Ethnicity Primarily African American, some Latino; very few Caucasian except for some police. Religion Clearly, Catholic based on number of Churches and ethnicity of area. Health and Morbidity Clinics, emergency services, and no large scale hospitalRead MoreThe Healthcare Delivery System Of The United Kingdom1232 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history, the United States (US) and the United Kingdom have been linked and have been placed on the world stage together as world powers. The linkage of these two countries spans back to the discovery and creation of the thirteen original colonies of the US and does not end with the independence of these colonies from Great Britain. In recent years, the availability, cost and quality of healthcare have become of utmost interest to citizens of the US with the advent of Obamacare. So examiningRead More Healers of Our Every Illness Essay2768 Words   |  12 Pagesit in the best shape possible. Advertisements and commercials that make unhealthy lifestyles attractive could be one reason why people are abusing their bodies. People lacking education on changing their habits could be another. Providing the indigent with healthcare Insuring the multitudes People who are not able to afford medical care do not visit doctors and, therefore, are not told why they should not abuse their bodies. This is assuming that physicians and healthcare organizations areRead MoreA Brief Note On Canada And The United States Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation is expected to increase by 325 million by 2020; the population will increase by about 20%. All this to say that it is crucial that America tries to make healthcare more accessible and available to the entire population not solely to the indigents and seniors for the better of the society. If this situation is not resolved, it will only cause more deficiency in the American healthcare system and making the situation worse than it already is. Finance According to Canadian Institute for Health

Jean Watson Free Essays

Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring Heidijo Elyea Olivet Nazarene University Theoretical and Professional Foundations of Nursing MSN SP2013 NRSG-653-54 Theresa Williams March 19, 2013 Certification of Authorship: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas, or words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for the purpose of this assignment. We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Watson or any similar topic only for you Order Now Your Signature: _____Heidijo Elyea____________________________ Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring focuses on holistic care of the patient and understanding the power of a meaningful therapeutic relationship. The theory is a middle-range theory and is based on the role of care and the influence of caring on healing. Caring is a moral ideal of nursing that involves mind, body, and soul engagement with another, which can be expressed through nursing interventions (Chinn Kramer, 2011). Many nurses have adopted Jean Watson’s Caring Theory in their own practice. Nursing has a commitment to protect, enhance, and preserve their client’s humanity by helping them restore harmony. Caring moments should transform both the patient and nurse, as they are linked together. Educational History Jean Watson earned her BSN, MS, and PhD degrees all at University of Colorado. She was also the former dean in the College of Nursing and founded the Center for Human Caring (Parker Smith, 2010). Watson’s undergraduate and graduate degrees are in nursing and mental health nursing. Her PhD is in educational psychology and counseling. Jean Watson also serves as director of the Watson Caring Science Institute, which is a nonprofit company she founded and is dedicated to promoting the work of caring, science, and heart-centered nursing (Parker Smith, 2010). Overview of Theory of Human Caring Major Elements There are four major elements in Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. The four elements are the ten carative factors/clinical caritas processes, transpersonal caring relationships, caring moment/occasion, and caring-healing modalities. Carative factors are a guide and process in which a person cares for another and does all they can to protect, support, enhance, and maintain his or her quality of life. Transpersonal caring is a time when the nurse and patient come together and has an influence on each other. Caring should not be done as a chore as an assignment as it is an ethical deliberate action. Caring moments occur when two people come together with one person being the care recipient. Watson also developed the concept of clinical caritas that evolved from carative factors. Caritas means to cherish and expands on the relationship between caring and healing for self and others (Parker Smith, 2010). Original Carative Factors Dr. Watson started her theory with ten carative factors, which she later evolved into clinical caritas processes. The ten factors are: 1. Formation of a humanistic- altruistic system of values. 2. Instillation of faith-hope. 3. Cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others. 4. Establishing a helping-trusting relationship, human caring relationship. 5. Promotion and acceptance of the expression of feelings, both positive and negative 6. The systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process. 7. Promotion of system and subjective life world of self and one being cared for. 6. Systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process becomes transpersonal teaching-learning. 8. Provision for a supportive, protective and /or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment. 9. Assistance with the gratification of human needs. 10. Allowance for existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces. Parker Smith, 2010) Clinical Caritas Processes Watson’s evolved carative factors became clinical caritas processes evokes a way for nurses to be more open and adds a spiritual touch to the relationship. The clinical caritas processes are: 1. Formation of humanistic-altruistic system of values becomes the practice of loving kindness and equanimity within the context of caring consciousness. 2. Instillation of faith-h ope becomes being authentically present, and enabling and deep belief system and subjective life world of self and one being cared for. 3. Cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others becomes cultivation of one’s own spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego self, opening to others with sensitivity and compassion. 4. Development of a helping-trusting, human caring relationship becomes developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship. 5. Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings, becomes being present to, and supportive of the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit of self and the one being cared for. 6. Systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process becomes creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process; to engage in artistry of caring- healing practices. 7. Promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning becomes engaging in genuine learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within other’s frame of reference. 8. Provision for a supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment becomes creating healing environment at all levels (a physical and nonphysical, subtle environment of energy and consciousness, whereby holeness, beauty, comfort, dignity, and peace are potentiated). 9. Assistance with gratification of human needs becomes assisting with basic needs, with an intentional caring consciousness, administering â€Å"human care essentials†, which potentiate alignment of mind-body-spirit, wholeness, and unity of being in all aspects of care, tending to both embodied spirit and evolving spiritual emergence. 10. Allowance for existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces becomes opening and attending to spiritual-mysterious, and existential dimensions of one’s own life-death; soul care for self and the one-being-care-for. Parker Smith, 2010). The first three carative factors form the â€Å"philosophical foundation† for the science of   caring. The remaining seven carative factors spring from the foundation laid by these first three (Parker Smith, 2010). Implications of the Caring Theory Jean Watson feels her theory can be considered a â€Å"philosophical and moral/ethical foundation for professional nursing and part of the central focus for nursing at the disciplinary level† (Parker Smith, 2010). The theory offers a framework that encompasses the arts, sciences, humanities, spirituality, and evolving dimensions of holistic medicine and nursing. The model is an invitation to work together and experiment with the ideas and the philosophy. Watson offers up several questions to assess where we are as nurses within the framework of the Caring Science. †¢ Is there congruence between the values and major concepts and beliefs in the model and the given nurse, group, system, organization, curriculum, population needs, clinical administrative setting, or other entity that is considering interacting with the caring model to transform and/or improve practice? What is one’s view of human? And what it means to be human, caring, healing, becoming, growing, transforming, etc. Such thinking in regard to this philosophical question can guide one’s worldview and help to clarify where one may locate self within the caring framework. †¢ Are those interacting and engaging in the model interested in their own personal evolution? Are they committed to seeking authentic connections and caring-healing relationships with self and others? Are those involved â€Å"conscious† of their caring caritas or noncaring consciousness and intentionally in a given moment and at an individual and system level? Are they interested and committed to expanding their caring consciousness and actions to self, other, environment, nature and wider universe? †¢ Are those working within the model interested in shifting their focus from a modern medical science-technocure orientation to a true caring-healing-loving model (Parker Smith, 2010)? Strengths and Limitations Jean Watson’s theory has many strengths, as it is logical, generalizable, and relatively simple. The theory is based on phenomenological studies that ask questions rather than state hypotheses and can be used to guide and improve practice. Supported by the theoretical work of numerous humanists, philosophers, developmentalists and psychologists. This theory places the client in the context of the family, the community and the culture and places the client as the focus on practice rather than the technology. Limitations of Dr. Watson’s theory are few, but the main limitation is that the carative factors primarily address the psychosocial needs. The physical and biological needs appear secondary. Conclusion Watson’s theory provides many useful concepts for nursing practice. She also ties together other theories used in nursing education. The ten carative factors and caritas processes provide guidance to nurses wishing to improve their nursing practice. References Chinn, P. L. , Kramer, M. K. (2011). Integrated knowledge development in nursing (8th ed. ). St. Louis: Mosby. Parker, M. , Smith, M. (2010). Nursing theories nursing practice 3rd ed. ). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company. How to cite Jean Watson, Papers

Starting School Later free essay sample

Getting up in the morning is very difficult after a long weekend or a long night of staying up doing homework, and everyday kids complain about going to school because they are to tired. What do schools and parents do about it? They tell us to toughen up and to go to bed early, but how is that possible? If we were to start school later, the school day would be so much more easier and students wouldn’t complain as much. Students would be better prepared and have more attention span, it would improve test and grades because students would be more focused instead of looking at the clock waiting for school to get out. Starting school later would not just help the teachers out it would help parents as well because there would be less fighting to go to school and the kids would be in a better mood. We will write a custom essay sample on Starting School Later or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Plus more sleep is required for teens now more then ever. Starting school just 30 minutes later was connected with huge improvements in teens reported sleep times, mood and health. Not only did the average student sleep about 30 minutes later it the morning, many reported going to bed about 15 minutes earlier. Dr. Owens said some students reported they felt so much better sleeping later, they also decided to try to go to bed earlier to get more sleep. Yes teens should start going to bed earlier, but from studies it shows that even though teens go to bed earlier, they are more tired in the morning then when they go to bed later. The RSU 10 school district has late arrivals on wednesday and students get to go in a hour later, it seems to help a lot. The students seem to be more rested and happier because they get to sleep longer and classes are shorter. Schools should really consider changing the school days from waking up an hour later and staying an hour longer. Teens would be better rested and would be ready to do work.

Tele Education Essays (7724 words) - Distance Education,

Tele Education 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Tele-education Tele-education has a long history beginning with systems like that for teaching children in Australian Outback, the British Open University and other such organizations. These built on the idea of correspondence courses where course materials are sent periodically by post and augmented the experience with broadcasts either on radio or on TV. The problem of student isolation was addressed partially through techniques such as telephone access or two-way radio links with teachers. At the end of 1980s, the vest majority of distance education throughout the worlds was still primarily print-based. Technologies used for distance education are evolving from primarily ?one-way' technologies and applications such as computer aided learning, computer based training and computer aided instruction, to more ?two-way' technologies and applications such as computer mediated communications and computer conferencing systems for education. The significance of ?two-way' technologies is that they allow foe interaction between participant and tutors, and perhaps even more significantly amongst participant themselves. This development has allowed and in some senses force researches to look more closely at the impact of educational environment, on the students learning experience. In the future, it is expected that the telecommunications-based technologies to become the primary means of delivery of distance teaching. The reasons for this are as follows: a much wider range of technologies are becoming more accessible to potential distance education participants the costs of technological delivery are dropping dramatically the technology is becoming easier to use for both tutors and learners the technology is becoming more powerful pedagogically education centers will find it increasingly difficult to resist the political and social pressures of the technological imperatives. 1.2 The Emergence of Tele-education Radical changes in the computing infrastructure, spurred by multimedia computing and communication, will do more than extend the educational system, that is revolutionize it. Technological advances will make classrooms mush more accessible and effective. Today, classroom education dominates instruction from elementary school to graduate school. This method has remained popular for a very long time and will probably persist as the most common mode of education. However, classroom education has its problems, that is the effectiveness decline with increase in the number of students per class. Other pressures affect the instructors, many of whom are not experts in the material they must teach, are not good ?performers' in class, or simply are not interested in teaching. The biggest limitation of the classroom instruction is that a class meets at a particular time in a particular place. This essentially requires all students and the instructors to collect in one spot for their specified period. But with the emerging technology, these problems can be overcome. 1.3 Reasons for studying Tele-education The current Tele-education systems that have been applied in some countries are generally of multipoint transmission technique. It is found that, this kind of transmission technique having several problems or defects. Mostly, problems raised during the application of the system. One of the significant problems raised is that, for the multipoint transmission, the signals or information transmitted by the sender do not completely received by the receiver. This problem is might be due to error that occurs during the transmission of the signals or information. Another problem is lag of transmission. For this case, the signals or information transmitted do not arrive at all the receiver at the same time, for example, the question raised by the lecturer might not received by the students at the same time and this is not a good environment for Tele-education system. Some receiver receives the signals earlier than the others and some later or even not receives at all. Therefore, it is important to study the Tele-education technology from time to time to overcome these problems so that the Tele-education system could provide a more effective way of learning environment. In order to have a lecture from, for example, a very famous professor from other country would require him to come at our place. But the amount of money spent for paying him to give lecture would be very expensive and this also would cause troublesome for him. However, this problem can be solved with Tele-education system in which the professor does not need to go anywhere else to give his lecture. This would save a lot of expenses and time. Another reason is that, in normal classes the learning process would not be very effective if the number of students in a class is very big. This is because the lecturer alone can not coordinate such a large class. With Tele-education system, one lecturer could deliver

Can torture ever be admissible Essays

Can torture ever be admissible Essays Can torture ever be admissible Essay Can torture ever be admissible Essay Torture has been used as an instrument to crush the will of the enemy through millennia. The intensity and bitterness it has created has through the ages, evoked public outcries; to no avail. The 21st Century has begun with the world’s only Super Power using torture in the war against terror, which has justifiably sent shock waves throughout civilized societies. The issue of use of torture as an instrument of State policy is being hotly debated from the pragmatic, legal, philosophical and religious perspective.The thorny issue of torture as an instrument of State policy to extract information and use it as a tool to interrogate potentially dangerous terrorists or bad elements in society has come into sharp focus in the aftermath of horrendous images in the international media of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba and Abu Ghraib prison, Iraq. That Americans, the conscience keepers of nations, were involved in acts of utter barbarity has shocked the world. Religious and human rights groups ha ve made common cause to enlighten the ‘enlightened’ of the inherent danger of letting loose terror as an instrument of State policy. A fiery debate rages.According to Scott Allen, M.D. of Physicians for Human Rights, torture has led to false and misleading testimony with devastating consequences. â€Å"The idea that torture yields reliable information is highly questionable as victims will often say whatever it is they think their interrogators want to hear to stop the torture†.In a brilliant expose of the apologists of torture, Kenneth S. Pope in a chapter titled Torture,† in the Encyclopedia of Women and Gender: Sex Similarities and Differences and the Impact of Society on Gender, edited by Judith Worell and published by Academic Press, has listed and countered every argument of the apologists of torture.The most common strategies of accommodation, acceptance, or justification of torture rely on:i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   State authority and formal or ders: The UN Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, states, â€Å"An order from a superior officer or a public authority may not be invoked as a justification of torture.ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of abstraction and linguistic transformation: The horrors of torture can be obscured by achieving a sufficient level of abstraction, euphemism, and other forms of linguistic transformation. Repeatedly in the Nuremberg trials, the most heinous forms of torture carried out by Nazi doctors, concentration camp guards, soldiers, and others were characterized dismissively by the defendants as medical matters.iii.  Ã‚  Ã‚   They dont count: This strategy creates the illusion that the people targeted for torture are not actually people but rather genetic or cultural trash, of no inherent importance.iv.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Justice is possible only when those who have caused great suffering are made to endure great suffering: Torture is seen as righteo us and well-deserved revenge. In some instances, this is portrayed as an eye for an eye philosophy.v.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Torture is appropriate not because of what people have done but because of what they will, might, or can do.vi.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Torturers as the relatively helpless victims of external forces beyond their control.vii.   The most common rationales for engaging in torture are to obtain information that supposedly could not be gathered by other means. Those supporting torture may claim that subjecting an individual to a relatively brief experience of torture may be necessary for a greater good: preventing the loss of a great many lives.viii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Those who are aware of torture may come to accept its presence in their community or state by viewing it as something that is none of their business.ix.  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the bluntest ways that people can accommodate torture in their midst is to deny that it exists, usually by dismissing an y signs, reports, or evidence of torture as lies, exaggerations, or mistakes.Pope has cautioned that while â€Å"understanding and preventing torture requires countering effectively the strategies of acceptance, accommodation, and justification, they may well carry special appeal in the context of inertia, noninvolvement, and the costs of recognizing tortures realities†.Pope has quoted Harvard psychiatrist Judith Herman:It is very tempting to take the side of the perpetrator. All the perpetrator asks is that the bystander do nothing. He appeals to the universal desire to see, hear, and speak no evil. The victim, on the contrary, asks the bystander to share the burden of pain. The victim demands action, engagement, and remembering.Pope has raised two pertinent questions: What are we doing to understand and prevent torture and help its victims? If we are not doing all we can, why?Democrat Patrick Leahy, US Senator from Vermont, in an article titled, â€Å"There is no justifica tion for torture† published in the Boston Globe of June 28, 2004, has rebuffed arguments centering on necessity and self-defense as justifications for torture.If torture is justified to obtain information from a suspected terrorist, why not from his wife or children? Do we really want to usher in a new world that justifies inhumane, immoral and cruel treatment as any means to an end? We must reject the dangerous notion that torture can be legally justified.†Amoral pragmatism should be shunned. The question each one of us should ask ourselves is: Can our country adopt the high moral ground against another if it uses torture to gather information? It would not be inappropriate to muster an array of quotations from philosophers and thinkers, good souls, who have left an indelible imprint on history and whose thoughts have the power to raise sunken spirits.The degree of civilization in a society can be judged by entering its prisons (Fyodor Dostoyevsky).Never do anything aga inst conscience even if the state demands it (Albert Einstein).To sin is a human business, to justify sins is a devilish business (Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy).Liberty has never come from the government. Liberty has always come from the subjects of government. The history of liberty is the history of resistance. The history of liberty is a history of the limitation of governmental power, not the increase of it (Woodrow Wilson).In the light of the foregoing, only an insane voice would plead for the admissibility of torture as a deliberate instrument of State policy.Scott Allen in a question-answer session hosted by Amnesty International described the symptoms of torture on victims as depression, anxiety, difficulty with concentration and memory, hypersensitivity to external stimuli, hallucinations and perceptual distortions. â€Å"In severe cases, these symptoms can lead to personality changes that can interfere with daily function and the maintenance of social and intimate relationship s. Persistence of symptoms and recovery can vary widely from case to case, but often may take years and even decades.†Torture, says Scott Allen, is clearly dehumanizing and damaging to the victim, but it can be just as damaging to the mental well being of the torturer.Here it would be appropriate to quote Booker T. Washington, â€Å"You cant hold a man down without staying down with him.†And Friedrich Nietzche: â€Å"Whoever fights monsters should see to it that in the process he does not become a monster. And when you look into an abyss, the abyss also looks into you†.Pope Johan Paul II has written:The thought of Jesus being stripped, beaten and derided until his final agony on the cross should always prompt a Christian to protest against similar treatment of their fellow beings. Of their own accord, disciples of Christ will reject torture, which nothing can justify, which causes humiliation and suffering to the victim and degrades the tormentor.George Hunsinger , professor at Princeton Seminary, and a leading voice in the Presbyterian movement to oppose torture, delivered a pointed sermon in 2006 in response to theologian and Nazi fighter Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s eye-opening question, Who is Jesus Christ for us today?   Hunsinger’s answer is that Christ today is found among the victims of U.S. torture (www.generousorthodoxy.net).He has quoted from the Holy Scripture: â€Å"Remember those who are in prison, as though you were in prison with them; those who are being tortured, as though you yourselves were being tortured (Heb. 13:3)†.He closes with an interpretation of I John 4:20:   Those who say, I love God, and torture their brothers or sisters, are liars; for those who torture a brother or sister whom they have seen, cannot love God whom they have not seen; and the same holds true for those who turn a blind eye to torture or otherwise condone it.No religion condones torture.Hinduism: This is the sum of duty: Do naug ht unto others which would cause you pain if done to you (Mahabharata).Islam: No one of you is a believer until he desires for his brother what which he desires for himself (Sunnah).Buddhism: Hurt not others in ways that you yourself would find hurtful (Udana Varga).Judaism: What is hateful to you, do not to your fellowmen. That is the entire Law; all the rest is commentary (Talmud).Zoroastrianism: That nature alone is good which refrains from doing unto another whatsoever is not good for itself (Dadistan-i-dinik).Torture is the very essence of evil. Sooner of later, woe would befall a society that condones torture. Here three quotations are appropriate and self-explanatory:The government is the potent omnipresent teacher. For good or ill it teaches the whole people by its example. Crime is contagious. If the government becomes a lawbreaker, it breeds contempt for law; it invites every man to become a law unto himself, it invites anarchy. To declare that the end justifies the means, to declare that the government may commit crimes, would bring terrible retribution (Justice Louis D. Brandeis).Give government the weapons to fight your enemy and it will use them against you (Harry Browne).A nation of sheep will beget a government of wolves (Edward R. Murrow).Skeptics, who entertain apologists of torture, have no place in civilized society.

The subject is leadership and the research about King Fahad, the king Paper

The subject is leadership and the about King Fahad, the king of Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example Being a leader and the king of Saudi Arabia, Fahad had a dual responsibility to grow and arrange a culture of selflessness. He had to perform his work selflessly and the greatest challenge is that he had to convince his subjects to work selflessly for their own benefits and for the country too. King Fahad backed the United Nations at some point offering 5.5% of the national income of Saudi Arabia through many funds such as OPEC and Saudi funds for the purposes of international development (Weston 67). Due to his good leadership qualities and selflessness, he also offered aid to foreign groups like Nicaraguan Contras and Bosnian Muslims in the early wars of Yugoslavia (Nasser and Esber 83). He had also supported the Palestinians in various ways. King Fahad commonly took time to determine the way he would communicate with his people. Most of the Arabians became loyal to him due to the developments initiated by him and for always taking the time to inspire his subjects to work hard (Mor dechai 45). The King himself sought to tackle corruption by seeking to instill discipline in line with Islamic laws. The kingdom, under his leadership witnessed astronomical growth in the education sector, infrastructure and economic development. He realized how much backward his kingdom was in terms of literacy level and sought not to educate only close members of his family but looked beyond familial relations seeking to develop the entire kingdom. Even in anger, the king appeared composed and expressed his views confidently. When Saddam Hussein attacked Kuwait, Fahad urged the Americans to help in evicting Iraq from neighboring Kuwait. He did this considering the welfare of the Kuwaiti while at the same time opposing the breakup of Iraq which was the aggressor as noted by Sicherman (par 9). Many people in the world normally follow an assertive leader. Assertiveness in a hostile environment for the sake of the protection of the Saudi monarchy is perhaps one of the greatest tactics that the leader has demonstrated. While keeping a watchful eye on the developments of the world around, the King was been able to ensure that the massive natural resources enjoyed by the kingdom did not turn into a curse like it commonly happens. In spite of facing numerous challenges with respect to military organization and the use of oil resources, King Fahad remained firm in raising the country’s annual budget to about 55 billion USD. In doing so, he ensured that the military got a generous share of the budget allocation considering the volatile situation if the Middle East at that time. Furthermore, he struggled against the wishes of other major oil producers to protect the interests of consumers. In order to accomplish this goal, he directed the use of the country’s oil reserves to supply the produce to countries such as the United States of America and Canada. Countries struggling with handling greed and selfish interests from various quarters must apply assert iveness as demonstrated by this great leader. Fahad inquired much about how he could help develop his kingdom. He realized that the country needed to implement a government scholarship program to help men and women of Saudi Arabia further their studies in western universities both for postgraduate and undergraduate studies. In spite of criticism in taking this measure, he made the decision to implement the program